So, I just graded the last final essay exam from Spring 2012 NLM 160, Voluntary Action and Community Leadership. Over half the class got an A on the exam, and I am very happy with that. I know folks will say that's proof the exam was too easy, but I think it's proof that I coerced them both to read the material and to think.
As at least a modicum of proof that it's not because the exam is too easy: when I queried my students as to whether the midterm - on which they also did quite well - was too simple, the class emitted an immediate, long, low groan. My exams aren't that easy. But if you are good at following directions - all of them - it would be difficult to do poorly.
The key is in the directions.
Get this:
Each question contains a reference to a very specific set of readings - usually a chapter from our text or one or two complimentary readings or audio visual presentations - containing the exact information they need to answer the question.
Then I ask a question - from real life - either their group work, their personal experience or from a case study. They must apply the information in the readings to the situation at hand to answer the question. And, they have to provide a citation to the exact page in the reading they leaned on to answer the question. This forces students to get into the book, figure out what's in there, and further more, figure out what those ideas can contribute to the situation in the question. This is what I call a "learning exam."
I can easily tell from the depth of their grasp, who's been keeping up with the readings all semester. Those who are with it display amazing, creative application. But for some of my students, this will be the first time all semester they crack the book. One of my students even admitted to me on the eve of the midterm that she didn't yet own the book!
One of my older students once lamented to me that a couple of the younger students in her group rarely did their reading. I pointed to my exams and asked if the way I structure my exams make more sense in light of that fact. She suddenly got it.
NLM 160 is a large class, and asking for essays is perhaps a stroke of stupidity on my part, since I have to grade somewhere between 60 and 80 exams, twice a semester, depending on class size. But I've discovered I'm not really happy unless my students learn, and the exam is the only way I can guarantee that students must crack those books at least once if they want to get out of my classroom.
Saturday, May 5, 2012
Friday, May 4, 2012
Be the Party You Want to Attend!
When I read the diatribes launched by my Republican friends against the Occupy movement - the smug, delegitimizing comments about the trash, the way they snarl traffic, that the crowd is crawling with transients - it seems to me they are trying to de-cool the whole street movement thing. Under all that I sense a subsurface vibe, a fear that the cool factor might transform Occupy into something that matters, something that will cause our congressional folk to shiver a little. The terms "occupy" and "cool" need to be decoupled at all costs.
My R friends may argue that what I'm sensing is more akin to nausea than fear of cool, but me thinks they protest overly much. One wonders whether some of this fear stems from the fact that these same detractors did, in fact, think the sit-ins and what Bill McKibben calls "body movements," or using our selves as political tools, were way cool once upon a time. Way back then, in the 1960s and 1970s. I know for a fact that some of these same complainers were at Woodstock. And proud of it. Sh...
Personally, I welcomed with open arms both the Occupy movement and it's predecessor, the Tea Party. I've worried for many moons - more technically since we sat by without comment as hanging chads in Florida decided our presidential election for the man with fewer votes - that Americans have simply stopped caring. When I think about our historically low voter turn-out, the general paucity of public debate over our latest round of wars, the gradual but significant progression away from hard journalistic news, toward "infotainment" in the only sources the public has for becoming educated on matters of public policy, I can't help but worry.
It seems to me that we are too complacent, too content with powering our individual hamster wheels, going round and round just trying to move our financial lives forward far enough to own the latest toy, or take the kids to Disneyland. So complacent that we've foregone our duty to participate in shaping the public debate - a duty that our Founding Fathers insisted be the cornerstone of a democracy that serves the people. A whole lot of us have begged off.
This morning's whole little conversation has its beginnings in an article by Bill McKibben, founder of 360.org, a climate change advocacy group, entitled The Art of Civil Disobedience. Here's a little quote from it:
"As surely as the scientific method has worked, that’s how badly the political method has failed, and at root money is the cause.
So we need a different currency in which to work if we’re going to have a chance. And right at the moment we’re experimenting a good deal with one: our bodies. I’ve just finished helping coordinate the biggest spate of civil disobedience in several decades in this country, two weeks of daily sit-ins at the White House that ended up with 1253 people in jail for urging Barack Obama to block a proposed pipeline from the tarsands of Alberta to the Gulf of Mexico. (Short course: those tarsands are the second-largest pool of carbon on the planet. If we burn them in a big way, according to Jim Hansen at NASA, it’s ‘essentially game over for the climate.’)
Now, civil disobedience is a technology like any other, and people have been experimenting with it for a long time, at least since Thoreau. There have been real experts—Gandhi, Martin Luther King, some of the folks who pushed the Arab spring this past year. But we don’t really know that much about it—we haven’t studied it with the same systematic diligence that, say, West Point or Sandhurst applies to the arts of war.
So it was fascinating to try and figure out what would work best. One thing we tried to avoid was the usual suspects: we asked old people to come, not college kids. We didn’t ask participants their age (that’s rude) but we did ask them who was president when they were born. And the biggest cohorts came from the Truman and FDR administrations.
We also told everyone that they had to wear a dress, or a coat and tie, if they wanted to take part. Why? Because we wanted to make crystal clear who the radicals in this scenario were. Not us. Radicals work for Chevron and Shell—radicals are people who are willing to alter the chemical composition of the atmosphere. That’s the most radical scheme anyone ever thought up. We’re…conservatives, trying hard to preserve the planet in something like the shape it was when we were born."
I will skip over his comment about money being the root cause of political failure. That's a post for another day. Instead, I will focus you on McKibben's attempt to strategically unnerve the very arguments (trash, traffic, transients) made by my Republican friends by manipulating his crowd.
My students who are reading this will right away notice that I've used the word "manipulate," a loaded word that signals I perhaps don't approve. Yes, I'm really struggling with this. I'm trying to decide how I feel about McKibben putting a conservative, older face on his crowd. On the one hand, those well-dressed older voters he brings out are real. Empowering their visibility is both exciting and a lesson for conservatives about who, really, is the "other side."
On the other hand, George Lakoff would tell you McKibben is playing right into the Republican frame. By insisting on an older, more conservative face to deliver his message, he is helping his opponent marginalize the rest of his base and keeping their voices, the voices of actual citizens of our country, if younger, scruffier, tattoo'd & pierced - even, sometimes, hungrier, homeless - away from the discussion table as surely as the Republicans are.
Using the "right tools" is something I understand deeply as a lobbyist. In fact, I just proposed something of the sort the other day that a group of us who have run up against a wall in our fight to get the human trafficking of minors law in our state to cover girls between 13 and 17, and not just girls under 13. The chair of our judiciary committee has refused to hear this bill. I suggested we pull his campaign contribution records and find a sympathetic someone from among his own donors to put some pressure on him.
So, I understand pragmatics.
And yet, I'd like to propose an alternative vision. What if, instead of trying to neuter the crowds, we work to enhance the cool factor in body movements? What if, instead of playing to the Republican frame, we play on their fear and turn street movements into the biggest, coolest new cool of all? What if street movements became popular, and we orchestrate them more like fairs and festivals so that they attracted people and people came out to learn, talk, hear, play political music together, make political art and just become the new gig where the cool people want to be? Festivals with planning and stages and port-a-potties and food vendors. Festivals even Republicans can love.
Ok, so I'm suggesting we use entertainment and the streets and the good weather to bring people back into politics. All kinds of people. Young, old, conservative, liberal alike. Let's get artsy about it. Let's get some passion going. Let's revive the public discussion. Republicans and Democrats and Independents together.
Be the Party you want to attend. Take it to the streets!
Labels:
be the party you want to attend,
bill mckibben,
george lakoff,
occupy,
takin' it to the streets,
tea party
Thursday, April 26, 2012
Those Were the Days: When NRA Supported Gun Control
"It wasn't always this way. The NRA supported the 1934 National Firearms Act, which taxed the ownership of automatic weapons, and the 1938 Federal Firearms Act, which created a licensing system for dealers. And the NRA was not alone in its logical support of gun control. The governor of Texas -- yes, Texas -- said in 1893, that the "mission of the concealed deadly weapon is murder."
Thought I'd share a Huffington Post op ed on gun control, written by teen blogger, Jess Coleman. He really did his homework. Regardless of what you think of his conclusion, the history of NRA's shift in stance on gun control is fascinating. Here's more:
"What happened? Jill Lepore writes in "Battleground America" that the gun debate as we know it began with the murder of President John F. Kennedy. When the news broke that Kennedy's murderer, Lee Harvey Oswald, ordered his gun from a magazine and received it in the mail, Congress started to get tough on guns. The Gun Control Act was passed, which barred so-called "high-risk" people from buying guns. The NRA supported it, but they felt the threat coming.
Over the next few decades, the NRA began arguing that the Second Amendment to the Constitution protects an individual's right to own a gun, and the Supreme Court agreed. However, as Chief Justice Warren Burger said of this interpretation, it is 'one of the greatest pieces of fraud ... by special interests groups I have ever seen in my lifetime.'"
I ran down the full quote from Chief Justice Burger, which he apparently said in January of 1990, in an interview with Parade Magazine, rather than from the bench:
"If I were writing the Bill of Rights now there wouldn't be any such thing as the Second Amendment... This has been the subject of one of the greatest pieces of fraud, I repeat the word 'fraud', on the American public by special interest groups that I have ever seen in my lifetime. The real purpose of the Second Amendment was to ensure that state armies - the militia - would be maintained for the defense of the state. The very language of the Second Amendment refutes any argument that it was intended to guarantee every citizen an unfettered right to any kink of weapon he or she desires."
Do read Jess Coleman's article. It's very informative!
Thought I'd share a Huffington Post op ed on gun control, written by teen blogger, Jess Coleman. He really did his homework. Regardless of what you think of his conclusion, the history of NRA's shift in stance on gun control is fascinating. Here's more:
"What happened? Jill Lepore writes in "Battleground America" that the gun debate as we know it began with the murder of President John F. Kennedy. When the news broke that Kennedy's murderer, Lee Harvey Oswald, ordered his gun from a magazine and received it in the mail, Congress started to get tough on guns. The Gun Control Act was passed, which barred so-called "high-risk" people from buying guns. The NRA supported it, but they felt the threat coming.
Over the next few decades, the NRA began arguing that the Second Amendment to the Constitution protects an individual's right to own a gun, and the Supreme Court agreed. However, as Chief Justice Warren Burger said of this interpretation, it is 'one of the greatest pieces of fraud ... by special interests groups I have ever seen in my lifetime.'"
I ran down the full quote from Chief Justice Burger, which he apparently said in January of 1990, in an interview with Parade Magazine, rather than from the bench:
"If I were writing the Bill of Rights now there wouldn't be any such thing as the Second Amendment... This has been the subject of one of the greatest pieces of fraud, I repeat the word 'fraud', on the American public by special interest groups that I have ever seen in my lifetime. The real purpose of the Second Amendment was to ensure that state armies - the militia - would be maintained for the defense of the state. The very language of the Second Amendment refutes any argument that it was intended to guarantee every citizen an unfettered right to any kink of weapon he or she desires."
Do read Jess Coleman's article. It's very informative!
Labels:
Chief Justice Warren Burger,
gun control,
guns,
Jess Coleman,
NRA.
Thursday, March 22, 2012
Life is a Journey
I was at a funeral and there was a strange burial ritual. The pall bearers lifted the coffin. Then they did something odd. They turned the coffin onto its side, then turned it again to an upside down position, then once again turned the coffin onto its other side, and finally, back to the coffin's proper, upright position.
Yesterday evening, my natural father passed away.
Today I got it.
The burial ritual represented the difficult journey of my father's life: My father first got sideways with life when his own father died. My father was just a young boy, and life became difficult for him after that, with many disappointments and lost opportunities. I probably don't know the half of it. By my childhood memories of him, he already held so much anger.
My father turned his life completely upside down during his years of marriage to my mother, when he did unspeakable things and then paid unspeakable consequences. During his later years, my father struggled toward a better path, helping my brother's family and working to help children like my nephew, Ryan, who has a Jewish genetic disorder. In this way he partially righted his life in God's and my family's eyes.
For me, in my father's death there is finally safety. I may now untether myself from my deep-seated childhood fear of him, and see my father instead as a man who wrestled with many internal demons through the course of his life and did not always win. The dream shows me the way to keep the commandment, "honor thy father." Releasing the fear, I am finally free to forgive him, something the rest of my family has managed, but I never was fully able to do while he lived, despite his desperate wish that I would.
In forgiving him, in a sense, both his and my own teshuvah (turn) may complete, and he can return to God an upright man.
Birth is a beginning
And death a destination
But life is a journey,
A going — a growing
From stage to stage.
From Childhood to maturity
And youth to age.
From innocence to awareness
And ignorance to knowing;
From foolishness to discretion
And then perhaps to wisdom.
From weakness to strength
Or strength to weakness–
And, often back again.
From health to sickness
And back we pray, to health again.
From offense to forgiveness,
From loneliness to love,
From joy to gratitude,
From pain to compassion,
And grief to understanding—
From fear to faith.
From defeat to defeat to defeat—
Until, looking backward or ahead,
We see that victory lies
Not at some high place along the way,
But in having made the journey,
stage by stage
A sacred pilgrimage.
Birth is a beginning
And death a destination
But life is a journey,
A sacred pilgrimage
Made stage by stage—
From birth to death
To life Everlasting.
~ Rabbi Alvin Fine
Monday, February 13, 2012
Enough and to Spare
"You have allowed the material means by which you live to outdistance the spiritual ends for which you live."
My facebook friend Steve Sorkin recently posted the following selection from the speeches of Martin Luther King. The timeliness - I hope not "timelessness" - of King's words struck me hard, and I so I share them here.
"America, as I look at you from afar, I wonder whether your moral and spiritual progress has been commensurate with your scientific progress. It seems to me that your moral progress lags behind your scientific progress. Your poet Thoreau used to talk about "improved means to an unimproved end." How often this is true. You have allowed the material means by which you live to outdistance the spiritual ends for which you live. You have allowed your mentality to outrun your morality. You have allowed your civilization to outdistance your culture. Through your scientific genius you have made of the world a neighborhood, but through your moral and spiritual genius you have failed to make of it a brotherhood. So America, I would urge you to keep your moral advances abreast with your scientific advances. . .
I understand that you have an economic system in America known as Capitalism. Through this economic system you have been able to do wonders. You have become the richest nation in the world, and you have built up the greatest system of production that history has ever known. All of this is marvelous. But Americans, there is the danger that you will misuse your Capitalism. I still contend that money can be the root of all evil. It can cause one to live a life of gross materialism. I am afraid that many among you are more concerned about making a living than making a life. You are prone to judge the success of your profession by the index of your salary and the size of the wheel base on your automobile, rather than the quality of your service to humanity.
The misuse of Capitalism can also lead to tragic exploitation. This has so often happened in your nation. They tell me that one tenth of one percent of the population controls more than forty percent of the wealth. Oh America, how often have you taken necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes. If you are to be a truly Christian nation you must solve this problem. You cannot solve the problem by turning to communism, for communism is based on an ethical relativism and a metaphysical materialism that no Christian can accept. You can work within the framework of democracy to bring about a better distribution of wealth. You can use your powerful economic resources to wipe poverty from the face of the earth. God never intended for one group of people to live in superfluous inordinate wealth, while others live in abject deadening poverty. God intends for all of his children to have the basic necessities of life, and he has left in this universe "enough and to spare" for that purpose. So I call upon you to bridge the gulf between abject poverty and superfluous wealth.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Paul’s Letter to American Christians
Delivered at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Montgomery, Alabama, on 4 November 1956.
Monday, December 12, 2011
Duh. Of course the answers are outside the envelope.
Have you, by any chance, checked out the tabs across top of this blog? One of them is EcoCurious, my blog about matters of the environment and sustainability. If you've visited EcoCurious, you might have noticed a flip comment across the top, "If only the answers really were inside the envelope."
Well, duh. Of course the answers are outside the envelope.
If we look at the world we know as though it's the only possible world, if we look at the rules we operate by as though they are the only possible rule set, then we will remain stuck inside the envelope.
To find solutions that could create a different, better, healthier, more sustainable world, we have to believe that our world is just one possible version, that our rules are just one set of possible rules. We have to shake it up and find the alternatives. Shake it up!
Today I bring you Anthony Weston, a philosopher who spends his professional life helping people see beyond our mental obstacles to enable us to rethink our biggest, most complex ethical and practical dilemmas. He's mastered a method for enlarging the realm of choices, figuring out how to apply different sets of rules than the "usual set" to expand the possibilities for ethical problem-solving.
Let me give you a quick Weston example. You may have heard about the Heinz dilemma. It's an ethical quandry used by psychologists to test children for their level of moral reasoning. Since it's written for kids, it's will be easy for us to follow Weston's logic, as he deconstructs his process.
A woman is dying of cancer. There is a medication available to her, but she needs several treatments at $2000 per treatment, and she and her husband do not have that kind of money. The husband counts all his resources, sells what they don't absolutely need, asks his family to help, but the money he can scrape up does not amount to enough money to cover her treatment. He goes to the pharmacy and pleads that they sell the medicine for what he has, or she will die. They tell him, "no." The dilemma: Should the husband steal the medication so that his wife may live?
Let me simplify: Steal or die?
Weston asks his students to back up from the question, and see whether they can enlarge the realm of possibilities. They come up with these sorts of answers:
He could offer the pharmacist something he needs or wants, maybe trade his skills to make up the difference.
Maybe the wife could go to the pharmaceutical company and offer to be part of a follow-up study, in exchange for the medication.
In one of his workshops, a group of nurses even suggested that the wife steal the drug, specifically to get herself arrested, because the law requires medical care for all prisoners, and that way the state would pay for the drug.
What about the community? Could it band together to raise the money?
So now that we're brainstorming ideas, I bet you can come up with a few yourself.
Weston's point is this:
What if, instead of distancing ourselves from the question, and asking, "What should he do?" we ask, "what can we do?" Or even, simply, "what all could be done?" The realm of possibilities expands beyond "steal or die," both of which are not ethically acceptable or morally desirable.
This made me think. Weston's simple dilemma is really not very different than the way we've taken to laying out our most difficult dilemmas. Look how some of our current policy debates are framed:
Affirmative action or fewer minorities admitted into programs and hired into jobs?
Drill for oil in the United States or continue to be dependent upon foreign oil?
Keep shipping soldiers to the middle east or be subject to the murderous intentions of extremist Islamist fundamentalists?
And so on... We have become a nation of simplifiers, a nation of sound bites and political slogans. We scream, it's either this way, or it's that way! It's my way, or no way. We are so polarized.
What if, what if. What if we could get good at backing up from the either this, or that solution envelope? What if we could get outside the envelope altogether?
To read more from Anthony Weston, check out Creative Problem-Solving in Ethics, http://www.amazon.com/Creative-Problem-Solving-Ethics-Paperback-Reference/dp/0195306201/ref=ntt_at_ep_dpt_5
Have you, by any chance, checked out the tabs across top of this blog? One of them is EcoCurious, my blog about matters of the environment and sustainability. (In CuriositySquared, I write about stuff .) If you've visited EcoCurious, you might have noticed a flip comment across the top, "If only the answers were in the envelope."
Well, duh. Of course the answers are outside the envelope.
If we look at the world we know as though it's the only possible world, if we look at the rules we operate by as though they are the only possible rule set, then we will remain stuck inside the envelope.
To find solutions that could create a different, better, healthier, more sustainable world, we have to believe that our world is just one possible version, that our rules are just one set of possible rules. We have to shake it up and find the alternatives. Shake it up!
Today I bring you Anthony Weston, a philosopher who spends his professional life helping people see beyond our mental obstacles to enable us to rethink our biggest, most complex ethical and practical dilemmas. He's mastered a method for enlarging the realm of choices, figuring out how to apply different sets of rules than the "usual set" to expand the possibilities for ethical problem-solving.
Let me give you a quick Weston example. You may have heard about the Heinz dilemma. It's an ethical quandry used by psychologists to test children for their level of moral reasoning. Since it's written for kids, it's will be easy for us to follow Weston's logic, as he deconstructs his process.
A woman is dying of cancer. There is a medication available to her, but she needs several treatments at $2000 per treatment, and she and her husband do not have that kind of money. The husband counts all his resources, sells what they don't absolutely need, asks his family to help, but the money he can scrape up does not amount to enough money to cover her treatment. He goes to the pharmacy and pleads that they sell the medicine for what he has, or she will die. They tell him, "no." The dilemma: Should the husband steal the medication so that his wife may live?
Let me simplify: Steal or die?
Weston asks his students to back up from the question, and see whether they can enlarge the realm of possibilities. They come up with these sorts of answers:
He could offer the pharmacist something he needs or wants, maybe trade his skills to make up the difference.
Maybe the wife could go to the pharmaceutical company and offer to be part of a follow-up study, in exchange for the medication.
In one of his workshops, a group of nurses even suggested that the wife steal the drug, specifically to get herself arrested, because the law requires medical care for all prisoners, and that way the state would pay for the drug.
What about the community? Could it band together to raise the money?
So now that we're brainstorming ideas, I bet you can come up with a few yourself.
Weston's point is this:
What if, instead of distancing ourselves from the question, and asking, "What should he do?" we ask, "what can we do?" Or even, simply, "what all could be done?" The realm of possibilities expands beyond "steal or die," both of which are not ethically acceptable or morally desirable.
This made me think. Weston's simple dilemma is really not very different than the way we've taken to laying out our most difficult dilemmas. Look how some of our current policy debates are framed:
Affirmative action or fewer minorities admitted into programs and hired into jobs?
Drill for oil in the United States or continue to be dependent upon foreign oil?
Keep shipping soldiers to the middle east or be subject to the murderous intentions of extremist Islamist fundamentalists?
And so on... We have become a nation of simplifiers, a nation of sound bites and political slogans. We are so polarized.
What if we could get good at backing up from either this, or that solution envelope?
Labels:
Anthony Weston,
decision-making,
ethics,
outside the envelope
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